Crucial headgear

From half-shell models to full-face helmets, those with in-mould construction, hardshell and MIPS-designs: Although most bike helmets meet all the same standards, the differences can be vast. Our buyer’s guide overview is there to help.

The European Norm (EN) 1078 or DIN 1078 determines whether a cycling helmet is officially considered safe, or not to be placed on the market at all. Obviously the standard is the basis for minimum requirements when buying a bike helmet – but no more. After all, there is, despite the unified testing criteria for manufacturers, massive differences in design, comfort factor and last but not least safety. While some discounters and bargain outlets often just seem to meet the EN (1078) standards, there are still many manufacturers that make significantly higher quality bike helmets to satisfy their own demands. Many helmets hold notably larger forces than was commonly recognized in the standardized verification test and take into account other aspects that are not covered by the standard.

Well above the norm: bicycle helmets with MIPS technology

The best example is the relatively new technology called “Multi-Directional Impact Protection System”, short – MIPS technology that helmet manufacturer Poc has developed together with the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology and the Karolinska Institute. Designed with the hope to reduce the rotational component of an impact, thought to be a prime brain injury mechanism and related to concussion. Concussions and brain injuries are often caused by angled head impacts that create rotational violence to the brain, causing strain on the brain tissue.

How does MIPS work though? MIPS utilizes either low friction, interface layer coated with Teflon on the outer shell and liner for hard shell/two-piece helmets or a layer on the inside of the helmet liner for in-mould helmets, to absorb much of the energy created by both unilateral or oblique blows to the head. By mimicking the brain’s own protective mechanisms, MIPS can significantly minimize brain injuries in connection with angled impacts and rotational violence.

With the research and development that has gone into making this sort of technology, it’s needless to say that to purchase such a helmet is an investment that like most investments has a higher price tag. Helmets with MIPS technology, such as the Trabec Race MIPS from Poc are in the upper price segment and cost around the 200 euro mark, due to the high-quality finish and integrated safety concept. The Trabec Race comes in the “normal version” as a half-shell, in-mould construction helmet (see picture below), in which an incorporated Aramide structure improves the stability of the outer shell. The MIPS variant provides additional protection in the case of an impact fall. Aside from Poc, labels such as Scott and Sweet Protection also combine MIPS technology into their bike helmet collection.

The large group of in-mould helmets

Falling under an attractive price category, high safety factor and with minimum weight, the so-called in-mould construction is a popular bike helmet for a broad range of cyclists. The in-mould helmet is derived from using a hard plastic outer shell that is relatively thin. Inside the shell are EPS (expanded polystyrene) foam inners to absorb impact. This allows for less rebound during impact as it collapses under lots of force. Recreational cyclists, mountain bikers and road cyclists have come to appreciate the very lightweight, generous venting and unique styles and angles that come with owning an in-mould helmet. A long-heard gripe relating to in-mould helmets, however, for both skiing and biking, has often been the lack of penetration resistance due to the thin shell. Today, however, in the mid-price range, in-mould bike helmet construction methods can be found made from improved, tough polycarbonates, such as the Bushwhacker by Sweet Protection or the Trabec Race by Poc that has moulded sheets of aramid to the core of the helmet. In the upper price category, models such as the Enduro bike helmet Bushwhacker Carbon MIPS are found wholly or partly reinforced with carbon.

Hard shell helmets: on the verge of extinction?

Meanwhile, hard-shell models that set the standard a few years ago are becoming rarer to find. A hard-shell helmet has two separate components – an EPS inner shell and outer shell, which are selectively connected to each other. This design was especially popular thanks to its robustness and penetration (sharp objects) protection largely due to its closed outer shell. The purchasing of a bike helmet today rarely takes this feature into consideration, however, in the” Style Factor” stakes, it is still a popular helmet, especially for Dirt, Slopestyle and BMX riders. For this particular use, the helmet’s lack of ventilation plays less of a role for high-pulse biking such as mountain biking or road biking – where heat and sweat quickly build-up under the helmet shell.

Full-face and integrated helmets: When it comes to pushing the limit

Start browsing in the Bergzeit.co.uk Shop for cycling helmets and it soon becomes clear, that there is an ever-growing range of full-face models. A full-face helmet incorporates a chin piece to provide total security and increased safety for your head and face, particularly in the area of jaw and nose. The almost obligatory visor is often seen as a sun protector, but serves mainly as splash protection in wet and muddy conditions, keeping mud from splashing into the face and eyes and hindering vision. Height adaptability is also an important criterion that allows you to respond flexibly to various trail and terrain situations.

Full-face helmets are the most protective type of cycling helmet and are aimed at very aggressive riding where serious crashes are not just possible but are common. The trade-off for the extra protection is greatly increased weight and decreased ventilation. Even Full Face helmets are usually made with an in-mould construction, usually with outer shells made of carbon or glass fibre and reinforced with synthetic (GRP). The trade-off for the extra protection is greatly increased weight and decreased ventilation. Downhill and to some extent Enduro riding, full-face helmets are essential. Just ask any downhiller when the tempo at the finish was faster than they had expected and they found themselves flying over the handlebars and landing face down! Additionally, full-faces are the only type of helmet that should be combined with neck braces. Some helmets such as the carbon fibre reinforced Fixer Full face by Sweet Protection have removable padding in the jaw and neck area, in order to carefully remove the helmet after a fall. For competition enduro riding it is now compulsory to wear a full facer in many European countries and even when not racing, many enduro riders have one as a backup in their bike pack anyway. Most riders find that the added weight and decreased airflow is worth the added security when riding gnarly terrain.

Buying a Bike Helmet: What is important?

Enough theory. For those thinking about purchasing a bike helmet or replacing an existing model, need to think foremostly about how it will be put into practice. Knowing how the helmet will be used will be the obvious decision-maker on whether a half-shell, in-mould or hardshell construction or even a full-face helmet is to be considered. Also to take into consideration is the shape of the helmet, which will differ, depending on the application – for example, helmets for enduro bikers are cut deeper in the neck area than a road bike is. The latter, however, provides maximum ventilation and a free field of view without a visor or sun shield.

Secondly but no less important when buying a helmet is the fit. Even though, when choosing a cycling helmet, many like to be guided by the optics and graphic design of the helmet, the fit is paramount. If the helmet is too tight or adds pressure to the head, no matter how gorgeous the design, chances are, you are not going to be keen on wearing it too often! Therefore, we would recommend spending time trying it on for a few minutes before buying it. Usually, a good five minutes will do the trick in letting you know whether there are any annoying pressure points or even headaches to be expected later on. Bike experts at Bergzeit advice trying on at least two various models from different labels and to pay attention to the difference in fit. Only then is it possible to know whether a helmet truly fits and is comfortable to wear?

So what’s the best way of knowing whether a helmet fits correctly? Pay particular importance to choose the helmet size that fits correctly at the temples. No side allowance should be made, the helmet must not wobble while shaking the head or fall off. The rule of thumb for the back of the head is no more than a finger width of space. Another handy expert tip is to try the helmet on together with a favourite pair of sunglasses, to make sure that the combination of both ensures that there is no pressure at the temples!

Limiting the choices: Safety aspects of the helmet features

Half-shell helmets generally have a length adjustment which is regulated by a fixed lockable neck strap, allowing the helmet to perfectly adjust to the individual wearer. Optimal is also a rotatable ratchet closure. Velcro can sometimes release itself after a while, which is a safety flaw. Some manufacturers offer additional velcro Fit-Pads, which are attached to the inner shell and can be individually fitted. In the case of a full-face helmet, the neck strap has been omitted, the only advice here is to try on various models at the right size until the best fit has been found.

The range adjustment of the chin strap and the side strap fixation also play a role in the fit. As a guide: more than two to three fingers should not have space between closure strap and chin. The strap can be positioned so tightly so that the helmet remains in an optimum position on the head. The closed strap system shouldn’t rub with a perfect fitting helmet, so it is advisable to try the helmet on by closing the strap on the helmet. An essential safety criterion is to look for is a reliable closing buckle. A soft padded cover ensures that the buckle won’t uncomfortably scratch the chin.

Comfortable Extras: visor, ventilation, washable lining

If you are deciding between two models then consider what other extras or features they have: A visor protects the eyes from mud splashes and sunlight, but limits the field of vision. Removable, washable pads and lining can be found in a number of makes, here, personal hygiene pain threshold will certainly play a part.

Undisputedly is proper ventilation a guarantor for a comfortable fit, however, it also contributes significantly to the fact that it goes almost undetected while biking. Not always does the number of vents count, on how good or bad the ventilation system works. Some models such as the Bell Super have fewer air channels but are thoughtfully designed so that the air stream is transported with an optimal cooling effect at the back of the helmet. A specialist in a bike shop can provide specific advice and pass on helpful information.

Cycling helmets for children

Basically, looking for a child’s helmet will take in the same considerations as that of an adult, with one fundamental difference: In addition to the fit having to be right, the appearance – in a child’s eye will be just as important if not more! That the child, with his or her new helmet, feels comfortable enough to want to wear it voluntarily, is crucial – the safest bike helmet in the world won’t help if the child complains of chafing or feels that the style is so uncool that they won’t want to put it on their heads.

Once bought, never replaced?

The same rule that applies to ski helmets goes for bike helmets: After a fall, the helmet has done its job and it’s time to look for a new one. Even if only a few scratches are visible, after the impact of just one accident, the shock absorption is greatly reduced and thus the safety of the helmet. If no accidents have occurred, the helmet should be replaced no later than four years after its manufacture date, as UV radiation and temperature fluctuations cause material fatigue causing the protective effect of the helmet to be drastically reduced. The manufacture date can usually be found printed, as well as the EN 1078 on the interior of the helmet.